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- Clothes that are billed as "waterproof," "stain resistant," or "wrinkle-free" often contain chemicals that have been linked to adverse health effects.
- Many clothing items, such as blue jeans, also carry a dye that can release cancer-causing chemicals.
- Toxicity depends on the dose and how often you’re exposed, but there are ways to avoid chemicals like formaldehyde in your t-shirts and leather jackets.
- Visit Business Insider’s homepage for more.
Your clothes probably aren’t killing you, but they could contain some unpleasant chemicals.
Modern clothing is often formulated and treated with compounds that help soften them or prevent them from getting stained, wrinkled, or soggy. Those same compounds have been linked to adverse health effects such as skin irritation, developmental issues, and even cancer.
Take a look at some of the common chemicals lurking in your jeans, T-shirts, and workout clothes, among other items.
Raincoats, or any waterproof item, could contain "forever chemicals."
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Clothing that’s "waterproof" or "stain resistant" might seem like a bonus, but these words could be a tip-off that an item contains a toxic class of chemicals called per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS).
PFAS became popular in the US around the 1940s when manufacturing companies realized they could resist heat, grease, stains, and water. They’re often referred to as "forever chemicals" since they can linger in the environment for thousands of years.
Though many PFAS have been phased out of the manufacturing industry, the chemicals can still be found in leather and textiles. Labels that contain the words Gore-Tox or Teflon may signal the presence of PFAS, which are commonly found in outdoor gear and "moisture-wicking" workout clothes.
Exposure to PFAS has been associated with kidney and testicular cancers, liver damage, and developmental issues, but humans are more likely to be exposed by ingested contaminated food or drinking water.
The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) considers skin contact a "minor" source of exposure, though breathing in dust from PFAS-contaminated clothing can also constitutes "low level exposure."
Popular brands have manufactured T-shirts and underwear with phthalates.
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Phthalates are known for making substances like plastic durable and flexible. Although Congress instituted a federal ban on phthalates in toys and children’s products in 2008, the chemicals continue to be used in manufacturing.
In 2012, the environmental watchdog Greenpeace sampled more than 140 clothing items and detected phthalates in 31 garments. Three t-shirts and a pair of underwear from popular clothing brands had "very high" concentrations of phthalates, meaning the chemical comprised up to 38% of their weight. Phthalates have also been found in jeans, raincoats, and artificial leather.
The chemicals have been linked to ADHD, asthma, diabetes, and breast cancer, along with a number of reproductive issues, including decreased reproductive functions in men and endometriosis in women. For now, phthalates pose the greatest risk to children, who might put contaminated clothing in their mouths.
The CDC has said that the human health effects of phthalates are "unknown," but "exposure is widespread" in the US.
Lead has been discovered in baby bibs.
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Children are particularly susceptible to toxic chemicals since their bodies are still developing. They also weigh less, so their exposure can be higher.
That explains the public outcry in 2006 and 2007 when the Center for Environmental Health (CEH) found lead in vinyl baby bibs sold at Walmart and Babies R Us. Five of the bibs contained lead levels above 600 parts per million — the safety threshold set by the Consumer Product Safety Commission at the time (the threshold has since been lowered to 100 parts per million). The products were quickly recalled nationwide.
Children exposed to lead can suffer permanent brain damage, which often results in learning disabilities and increased violent behavior.
While bibs made of vinyl (a shorthand for polyvinyl chloride, or PVC) aren’t sold as often today, it’s still possible to buy them.
See the rest of the story at Business Insider
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Source: Business Insider – feedback@businessinsider.com (Aria Bendix)